Medicine generates data. But data is not knowledge, and knowledge is not wisdom — and the gaps between them are where patients live. The cases gathered here invite graduate informatics students and clinicians to examine healthcare not primarily as a technical system but as an epistemic one: a system in which knowledge is produced, withheld, misread, and contested, often along familiar axes of power.

Each case centers on real patient narratives, presented in recorded interviews. The accompanying essays, concept annotations, and discussion questions are designed to help readers move between two registers that rarely speak to each other — the humanistic (who gets to know what, and why?) and the technical (how do our data models, interoperability standards, and clinical decision systems encode or challenge those asymmetries?). The organizing lens is epistemic injustice, the term Miranda Fricker gave to the wrong done to someone specifically in their capacity as a knower: when their testimony is dismissed, or when they lack the interpretive concepts to understand what is happening to them.

These cases are not cautionary tales. They are invitations to think more carefully.